Searching for Darfield's War Memorials

Yesterday was my regular weekly trip to Barnsley Archives.  Having been out with the OH to take photos of two war memorials in Darfield last weekend I was keen to find out a bit more about them so I made that the main focus of my research for the whole visit.

Darfield Cenotaph, Welfare Park, Darfield (photo taken 16 Feb 2014)

I've been very busy this week, firstly with three booked talks for Spirit and Healthy Bones, community based organisations which promote health and involvement for older and disabled people.  I have also been preparing for the Barnsley History Day, which is Sunday 23 February in Barnsley Town Hall.  I will have two hats on the day, Cudworth Local History and Heritage and Barnsley War Memorials Project. I am also still frantically reading for my Open Uni module (A327 - we've got to post WW2 reconstruction) and planning my next talk which will be in Rotherham in early March on WW1 soldiers.  My talk last week at Cudworth Community Fire Station on WW1 soldiers in Cudworth and their families seemed to go well and the groups on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday this week joined in enthusiastically helping me identify strange items from the pub inventories such as maghy napkin stands and pancheons. 

A pancheon - a big bowl for making bread in according to my audience
(photo from The People's Collection)

I now have a contact in Darfield - SM came to the meeting of the Barnsley War Memorials Project and she has offered us the chance to access the local church and take photos of the internal memorials.  She is also thinking about booking me for a talk to the Friends of Darfield Churchyard - we just need to discuss a date.

My research yesterday began with two hours searching through the digitised Barnsley Chronicle for mentions of Darfield from 1922 right up to 1930.  

Close up of the gate post near the memorial in Darfield

I had taken a photo of the gatepost of the little park where the memorial known as the Darfield Cenotaph stood, listed on the Imperial War Museum's War Memorial Archive as Welfare Park I wasn't that surprised to see that the wording read "Miners Welfare Square 1923".  Cudworth too has a Miners Welfare Park, they were a common phenomenon in the inter-war years.

There was a mention in January 1923 of the dedication of a window in the church to accompany the memorial plaque which had been installed in July 1921.  I found an article on the opening of the Miners Welfare Park in July 1923 and then ... nothing ... for years and years.

I try not sit at the computer for hours and hours - it's not good for you.  So after the first hour I went for a wander around and asked the staff, (all the young chaps yesterday!) for assistance with my search.  They suggested the Darfield Council minutes, the file boxes of Darfield history research (wow! - eight or more bulging file boxes on the open shelves) and the ephemera collection which is in large cardboard boxes filed alphabetically by place on the bottom shelves of the bookcases.  A picture in a little book of Darfield history called "A Postcard from Darfield" provided the information that the memorial had been unveiled in 1931.  I returned to the Barnsley Chronicle invigorated and continued to search - 1928, 1929, 1930 - jackpot!

Barnsley Chronicle 8 February 1930 (thanks to Barnsley Archives)

In February 1930 the Barnsley Chronicle reports that the design for the Darfield War Memorial has been approved, it "takes the form of a monolith, on the face of which is a sword of sacrifice. It is surmounted by semi-spherical carving and representations of laurel wreaths. The monolith will be fifteen feet high, four feet thick at the bse and will be erected in an ornamental garden opposite Darfield Urban Council offices".  The subscribers had asked that the memorial be made of Darfield stone, the same stone used in the local church.

Later that year the report appears on the unveiling of the memorial.  This cutting can be found on the Barnsley War Memorials Project page for the Darfield Cenotaph along with a full transcription the names of the fallen men.  World War Two names have been added at some point since and these are also transcribed on the BWMP page.

Well, that's one memorial resolved - now what about the other one?

Another Darfield War Memorial
(photo taken 16 Feb 2014)

This is the Middlewood Shrine, so called because it was apparently donated by the local landowner who lived at Middlewood Hall.  That is pretty much all the War Memorials Archive can tell me about this rather unusual structure.  It stands on the right hand side of the A635 Doncaster Road as you go down the hill just after the junction with Nanny Marr Road.

When we photographed the memorial I commented to the OH that the stone just didn't look like it had been outside for nearly 100 years.  Since we discovered the relocated Billingley Chapel memorial a few weeks ago I've been much more open minded about the provenance of these memorials. 


At the corners of the stone are quarter circle indentations with no apparent purpose.  They look just like the shape of mirror plate fittings.  The inscription states the "European War" so that dates the stone to before 1939, and the list of names is very, very similar to the one on the cenotaph and the plaque in the church.  Could this be a plaque originally situated in a local chapel or social club which was relocated to this roadside location when its intended home was lost?

However there was no mention of this memorial in the Barnsley Chronicle up to the end of 1930.  Nothing in the Darfield Council minutes, although to be honest the cenotaph itself only got the briefest mentions, and nothing in the blue file boxes of local research. I am hoping that the various history and church groups in Darfield will be able to help me on this.

Darfield and District Conservative Club Roll of Honour
(Courtesy of Brian Elliott.  Brian Elliott: Barnsley 1890s-1990s,
Sutton Publishing Ltd, 2001, p.116)

And finally my find of the day - a bit of background first so you'll understand how great this was.

A long time ago I discovered a picture in a local history book, "Barnsley 1890s to 1990s"  by Brian Elliott.  It is of the Darfield and District Conservative Club Roll of Honour and includes a picture of one of the OH's distant relatives Walter Jobling, who was killed in May 1918 and is remembered on the Tyne Cot Memorial in Belgium.  We visited the Cemetery in 2009 and took a picture of his name on one of the dozens of panels listing 35,000 servicemen whose graves are not known.

Knowing that this picture would probably help identify many of the men on the Darfield memorials I emailed Brian and asked if he had a better copy of the image and if I could have his permission to use it for the Barnsley War Memorials Project.  He did (see right) and provided I gave him the usual credit he was happy for me to use the picture in connection with the project.

Now this picture is great, much clearer than the one in the book and Brian was able to tell me that it is of a rare Warner Gothard postcard in a montage 'style' frequently used by Gothard for commemorations of events and disasters.  It is possible it was commissioned by the club to remember their members and a larger framed copy may have existed at some point.  Another thing to research!  

Unfortunately the image is cut off at the sides and goes a bit fuzzy at the corners and one of the soldiers has a tear through his face.   So you can image how much I squealed at about 1pm yesterday when I found an A3 greyscale photocopy of another version of this image in one of the blue Darfield research file boxes.  This time all the names are clear and legible and there is no cut off at the edges.  Being a copy of a copy the photos of then men are nowhere near as good as they are on Brian's copy, but for the names it was invaluable.  I was only too happy to give the Archives my 40p for a copy!

Later today I will write up pages on both the Middlewood shrine and the Darfield Cons Roll of Honour and post them on the Barnsley War Memorials page.  I'll come back and link to here when I've done that.  But for now, over tired from a week of far too much history I think I'm going to have a bit of a break and some lunch.

Ta rah!

A few inches of newsprint, an eternity of heartache - the White Family from Barnsley

I spotted a small newspaper article yesterday whilst searching through the year 1918 in the digitised Barnsley Chronicle at Barnsley Archives.  The words that caught my eye were Redfearns Glassworks. 

Redfearns Glassworks War Memorial (photographed 16 January 2014)

I recently photographed the War Memorial from Redfearns that is now kept in a glass cabinet on the first floor of Barnsley Town Hall.  The OH's first cousin 3x removed Reginald Leslie Duncan is remembered on the tablet along with twenty-three other men.  Towards the end of the alphabetical list are three entries for the surname White - A P White, G White and H White.  The article I found yesterday gave information on all three of these men - they were brothers!
 

Barnsley Chronicle 20 April 1918 (Thanks to Barnsley Archives)

The piece reports the death of Private Arthur Percy White from wounds on 28 March 1918.  He had come home on leave to marry, so not only are his parents mourning, so is a young wife.  I had initially thought that "last February" as it states in the article meant 1917, but I soon found Arthur's marriage entry on Ancestry and it turned out to be February 1918, so he had only been married five weeks or so when he died. 
 

Marriage at St Mary's Barnsley on 21 February 1918 between Arthur White and Selina Batty (from Ancestry)

Arthur and Selina Batty married in St Mary's church in Barnsley and he gave his occupation as Soldier.  Selina's address was 36 Windermere Road, and when eleven years later in 1929 she remarries to a Clifford Farnsworth she was still living there.  There is no record of a child born to a White/Batty marriage, so Arthur didn't leave her pregnant when he went back to the front.  How long did Clara mourn him in those intervening eleven years?  I hope she found happiness with Clifford in the end.

The newspaper article notes that his brother Sergeant George White had been killed in September 1915 and another brother Corporal Harry White reported missing in October 1917.  The piece mentions four soldier brothers - as there are only three Whites mentioned on the Redfearns plaque I am hoping that the fourth brother survived the war.
 

1911 Census Entry for 9 Meadow Street, Barnsley (from Ancestry)

In the 1911 census we can see that George and his wife Clare White had six children who are all still living at home, 9 Meadow Street.  George and Clare are incomers to Barnsley from Lincolnshire, but all their children were born here, so they must have lived in Barnsley nearly all their married life.

Backtracking to the 1881 census I can see that George came to Barnsley to lodge with his brother in law and his occupation at the time was Paper Maker's Labourer.  According to FreeBMD George White marries Clara Hodgson in the fourth quarter (October to December) of 1888, which fits just right.  So despite them both coming from adjacent villages in Lincolnshire, George is from Wroot and Clara from Westwoodside, they marry in Barnsley.  I wonder if Clara too had moved here before their marriage?

There are two other brothers named in the census return - Harold and John William.  Harold would have been old enough to be conscripted in 1916, John might have just been too young.  Thankfully for the White family Harold survived, I found his marriage in 1921 at St Mary's Church to an Annie Nutton.  Harold must have gone back to work at Redfearns because he gives his occupation as Glass Blower.  The records in FreeBMD show six children born to a White/Nutton marriage between 1921 and 1937.  So George and Clara had the support of grandchildren in their old age.

I can't imagine what it must have been like for a family to lose three sons in the space of three years.  All three men are remembered on the war memorial in St Mary's church as well as on the Redfearns Glassworks plaque.  I hope that was some comfort to the family, to have a place to lay a wreath and remember their lost sons and brothers.

Lest We Forget